Hi all here I am again, every programmers always looking for optimum MVC interview questions. Now i am trying gather all MVC Interview questions and answers and share it with you guys. Please pardon me if I miss something if anything popup your mind then add down as comments
Q.What
is MVC routing?
A.
URL
Routing is the routing done by MVC which is , When we type something
in the url , then it will first invoke the RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); which
is in Global.asax.cs Application_Start() method
, then it will call the
public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection { routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); routes.MapRoute( name: "Default", url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}", defaults: new { controller = "Home",
action = "Index",
id = UrlParameter.Optional} ); }
Which
is in App_start=>RouteConfig class you can find out the
RegisterRoutes method here . Here we can define the structure of our
url and here it will decide which controller and action should be
invoked. This process is url Routing
Q.What
is URL rewriting?
A.URL
rewriting is entire diff concept Let us assume our controller name is
Customer
and
action name is Login
when
we run the application our url will be like the below
http://Localhost:233/Customer/Loginbut
the client needed http://Localhost:233/Login
only,
for SEO purposes In order to achieve this we have to rewrite the url
by keeping the same controller and action name to know more about url
rewriting i have explained attribute rewriting in
http://grandhah.blogspot.in/2015/07/url-rewriting-in-mvc-4-attribute-routing.html
Q.
What is MVC (Model-View-Controller)
A.
MVC is an architectural pattern which separates the representation
and user interaction. It’s divided into three broader sections,
Model, View, and Controller. Below is how each one of them handles
the task.
- The View is responsible for the look and feel.
- Model represents the real world object and provides data to the View.
The
Controller is responsible for taking the end user request and
loading the appropriate Model and View.
Q.MVC
Life cycle
A.
Any web based application has mainly two steps one is analyzing the
request and second one is creating response according to the
request, MVC also do the same thing
Creating
the request:-
Fill
route :- MVC requests are mapped into route table, The actual
url contains the controller name and action name ,the first thing
creating the request is filling the route table with route which is
happen in the global.asax
Fetch
route:-Depending on the url, search the route table to create
RouteData which has information of controller and action name which
has to be invoke
Request
context created:-Routedata object id used to create requestcontext
object
Controller instance create :-RequestObject is send to MvcHandler for
creating instance, once controller class object is created it calls
the "Execute" of controller class
Creating
response object:-Executing the action and sending the response
as result to the view .
Q.Difference
between ASP.NET MVC and ASP.NET WebForms
ASP.NET
Web Forms uses Page controller pattern approach for rendering layout,
whereas ASP.NET MVC uses Front controller approach. In case of Page
controller approach, every page has its own controller, i.e.,
code-behind file that processes the request. On the other hand, in
ASP.NET MVC, a common controller for all pages processes the
requests.
Q.What
is the difference between viewdata,Viewbag and tempdata
As
http is a stateless protocol , we are not able to maintain the state
, That is why they implemented different techniques Session,etc. But in
MVC, Microsoft introduced different objects to maintain state.
Viewdata:-Used
to communicate between controller and corresponding view
Life
time ,exists only when the view loads.
ViewBag:-Nothing
but a collection of viewdata, ViewData is a dictionary object while
ViewBag is a dynamic property we can accessible using string key and
requires typecasting Life time, exists only when the view loads.
TempData:-We
can pass data from one action to another it can maintain data between
redirects Life time is tempdata become null when it is used once.
Q.Is
it possible to unit test an MVC application without running the
controllers in an ASP.NET process?
Yes, all the features in an asp.net MVC application are interface based and hence mocking is much easier. So, we don't have to run the controllers in an ASP.NET process for unit testing.
Yes, all the features in an asp.net MVC application are interface based and hence mocking is much easier. So, we don't have to run the controllers in an ASP.NET process for unit testing.
Q.Name
a few different return types of a controller action method?
1.
ViewResult
2.
JavaScriptResult
3.
RedirectResult
4.
ContentResult
5.
JsonResult
Q.What
is the significance of NonActionAttribute?
This
attribute indicates that the controller method is not an action method
By
default all of the public method which is defined in the controller ,
is considered as an action method , If you want to define an public
method which is not an action method then use the Non-action attribute
Q.What
are the different types of filters, in an asp.net mvc application?
Sometimes
you want to perform a logic to be run even before the action method
invokes , for that purpose , ASP.NET mvc provides filters. Filters
are custom classes which provide both declarative and programmatic
means to add preaction post action behavior to controller action
methods.
Type
of filters
Now
taking this discussion further, Let us first discuss the various
types of filters that can be implemented to inject custom processing
logic.
Authorization
filter
Action
filter
Result
filter
Exception
filter
Q.
What is the meaning of Unobtrusive JavaScript?
This
is a general term that conveys a general philosophy, similar to the
term REST (Representational State Transfer). Unobtrusive JavaScript
doesn't intermix JavaScript code in your page markup.
Eg
: Instead of using events like onclick and onsubmit, the unobtrusive
JavaScript attaches to elements by their ID or class based on the
HTML5 data- attributes.
Q.MVC
4 New features
MVC
4 features having two category MVC Framework and mvc project template
MVC
4 Framework
- Add controller to the other folders
- Task support for asynchronous controllers
- Bundling and magnification
- Enabling Logins from Facebook and other websites using OAuthconfig
- App_Start folder separated classes
- Display modes using this we could select the different browsers
- Azure SDK
- Database migration
MVC
Project template
- ASP.NET Web API
- Mobile Project template
- Empty Project template
- Enhanced default project template
Q.What
are the new features in Asp.Net MVC5 ?
- Introducing One ASP.NET
- Introducing Asp.Net One Identity
- Introducing Bootstrap in the MVC template
- Introducing Filter overrides (Overriding filters)
- Introducing Authentication Filters
- Introducing Web API 2
- Introducing OAuth 2.0 Authorization in MVC 5
- OData Improvements in MVC 5(Full support for $select, $expand, $batch, and $value)
- Introducing ASP.NET SignalR 2.0
- ASP.NET WEB API 2
- Attribute routing
Q.What’s
Bootstrap is new MVC 5 ?
MVC
project template is updated in MVC 5 to use Bootstrap for better look
and feel. Now you can easily customize. For more information
Bootstrap
In Short:
With
the updated MVC template, You can do Customization very easily
Better
look and feel.
Q.Sub-domain Routing
We
can map our ASP.NET MVC areas to sub-domains by using the Sub-domain property of the RouteAreaAttribute. Doing so ensures that the routes
for the area are matched only when requests are made to the specified sub-domain. Here’s how:
[RouteArea(“Users”,
Subdomain = “users”)]
public
class SubdomainController : Controller
{
[GET(“”)]
public
ActionResult Index() { /* … */ }
}
Q.Is
OAuth 2.0 support’s for Web API and Single Page Application ?
The
MVC Web API and Single Page Application project templates now support
authorization using OAuth 2.0. OAuth 2.0 is a authorization framework
for authorizing client access to protected resources. It works for a
variety of clients like for different browsers & mobile devices.
Q.What
are the OData Improvements ?
Full
Support for $select, $expand, $batch & $value
Much
improved extensibility
Type
less support (No need to define CLR types)
Ref
:- http://onlinedotnet.com/mvc-5-interview-questions-and-answers/
HttpCookie cook = new HttpCookie("Transfer");
cook.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(1);
cook.Value = "from transfer cookies";
Response.Cookies.Add(cook);
Q.How
to use Cookie in MVC.
cook.Expires = DateTime.Now.AddSeconds(1);
cook.Value = "from transfer cookies";
Response.Cookies.Add(cook);
Q.What
is ViewSatrt.cshtml
Starting
from mvc 3 we could add a file called Viewstart.cshtml.
View
start file can be used as to define common Layout page , we could pragmatically change the layout page according to our needs.It will
execute when each view is loading View start also loads so no need of
giving any layout in each view
This
enable a lot of flexibility.And avoid repeating common code in view
start file
Q.What
is the difference between each version of MVC 2, 3 , 4, 5 and 6?
MVC
6
- ASP.NET MVC and Web API has been merged in to one.
- Dependency injection is inbuilt and part of MVC.
- Side by side - deploy the runtime and framework with your application
- Everything packaged with NuGet, Including the .NET runtime itself.
- New JSON based project structure.
- No need to recompile for every change. Just hit save and refresh the browser.
- Compilation done with the new Roslyn real-time compiler.
- vNext is Open Source via the .NET Foundation and is taking public contributions.
- vNext (and Rosyln) also runs on Mono, on both Mac and Linux today.
MVC
5
- One ASP.NET
- Attribute based routing
- Asp.Net Identity
- Bootstrap in the MVC template
- Authentication Filters
- Filter overrides
- MVC 4
- ASP.NET Web API
- Refreshed and modernized default project templates
- New mobile project template
- Many new features to support mobile apps
- Enhanced support for asynchronous methods
MVC
3
- Razor
- Readymade project templates
- HTML 5 enabled templates
- Support for Multiple View Engines
- JavaScript and Ajax
- Model Validation Improvements
MVC
2
- Client-Side Validation
- Templated Helpers
- Areas
- Asynchronous Controllers
- Html.ValidationSummary Helper Method
- DefaultValueAttribute in Action-Method Parameters
- Binding Binary Data with Model Binders
- DataAnnotations Attributes
- Model-Validator Providers
- New RequireHttpsAttribute Action Filter
- Templated Helpers
- Display Model-Level Errors
Ref:-http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/556995/ASP-NET-MVC-interview-questions-with-answers#WhatisthedifferencebetweeneachversionofMVC2,3,4,5and6
Q.What
is html helpers
eg:-@Html.TextBox("Name")
Html
helpers will help us to create different html controls in the view
Q.What
is data annotation validation in MVC
In
MVC.net we could do the validation using data annotation which is so
simple and very easy to implement .we can decorate the viewmodel
properties with Dataannotation class which we need validation .
The common annotation present are
- Required – Indicates that the property is a required field
- DisplayName – Defines the text we want used on form fields and validation messages
- StringLength – Defines a maximum length for a string field
- Range – Gives a maximum and minimum value for a numeric field
- Bind – Lists fields to exclude or include when binding parameter or form values to model properties
- ScaffoldColumn – Allows hiding fields from editor forms
Please
refer a simple example how to use the annotation in viewmodel
public
class
RegistrationViewModel
{
[Required]
[Display(Name
= "User
name")]
public
string
UserName { get;
set;
}
[Required]
[StringLength(100,
ErrorMessage = "The
{0} must be at least {2} characters long.",
MinimumLength = 6)]
[DataType(DataType.Password)]
[Display(Name
= "Password")]
public
string
Password { get;
set;
}
[DataType(DataType.Password)]
[Display(Name
= "Confirm
password")]
[Compare("Password",
ErrorMessage = "The
password and confirmation password do not match.")]
public
string
ConfirmPassword { get;
set;
}
}
Used to register Web
API routes, as well as set any additional Web API configuration
settings.
Q.What
is dependency injuction
In
Object oriented programming, the objects works together in a collaboration model where these are contributes and consumers . These
process create dependency between object and components on time being
theses dependencies are difficult to manage . These scattered dependency will grow un-manageable
The dependency injunction is a particular type of implementation of
inversion of control means objects cannot create another objects an
outside component will create the objects mainly injecting through
the constructor. This is called dependency injunction.
Advantage
:
- Reduces class coupling
- Increases code reusing
- Improves code maintainability
- Improves application testing
Q.What
is Dependency Resolution
MVC
3 introduced a new concept called a dependency resolver, which
greatly simplified the use of dependency injection in your
applications. This made it easier to decouple application components,
making them more configurable and easier to test.
Support
was added for the following scenarios:
Controllers
(registering and injecting controller factories, injecting
controllers)
Views
(registering and injecting view engines, injecting dependencies into
view pages)
Action fi lters
(locating and injecting filters)
Model binders
(registering and injecting)
Model
validation providers (registering and injecting)
Model metadata
providers (registering and injecting)
Value providers
(registering and injecting)
Q.What
is AuthConfig.cs in MVC4
AuthConfig.cs
is used to configure security settings, including sites for OAuth
login.
Q.
What is BundleConfig.cs in MVC4
BundleConfig.cs in
MVC4 is used to register bundles used by the bundling and
minification
system. Several
bundles are added by default, including jQuery, jQueryUI, jQuery
validation, Modernizr, and default CSS references.
Q.
What is FilterConfig.cs in MVC4
This is used to
register global MVC filters. The only filter registered by default is
the HandleErrorAttribute, but this is a great place to put other
filter registrations.
Q.
What is RouteConfig.cs in MVC4
RouteConfig.cs holds
the granddaddy of the MVC config statements, Route configuration.
Q.What
is WebApiConfig.cs in MVC4
Great...
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